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What is Pasteurization?

By Shereen Jegtvig, About.com

Updated May 02, 2008

About.com Health's Disease and Condition content is reviewed by our Medical Review Board

Pasteurization kills harmful organisms in milk that may make you sick.

Pasteurization kills harmful organisms in milk that may make you sick.

Photo © Michael Illuchine
Question: What is Pasteurization?
What does 'pasteurized' mean? What process does the milk or fruit juice go through when it is pasteurized?

Also, on a separate issue, which cheeses are safe to eat when pregnant? Is cottage cheese ok?

--Sam, About.com User

Answer: Pasteurization is a process of heating foods to kill off harmful organisms such as viruses, bacteria, molds and yeasts. The process was named after Louis Pasteur. Making foods safer is an obvious benefit of pasteurization, but the process does have negatives, too. Pasteurization will destroy vitamin B6 and enzymes in milk that may be beneficial. Because of this, some people prefer to drink raw milk (milk that has not gone through this process).

It is not a good idea for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding to consume raw milk, nor should raw milk be consumed by people with weakened immune systems. Hard cheeses are OK, however soft cheeses made from raw milk need to be avoided. According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control:

"Avoid soft cheeses such as Feta, Brie, Camembert, blue-veined, and Mexican-style cheese. (Hard cheeses, processed cheeses, cream cheese, cottage cheese, or yogurt need not be avoided.)"

These soft cheeses may be contaminated with listeria, which can cause a serious infection in pregnant women, newborns and people with compromised immune systems. Cottage cheese is safe to eat when you are pregnant.

Sources:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Listeriosis." Updated March 2008.

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